All,
I wanted to provide an update on my situation in the hopes that it might help someone else on this forum. A quick re-cap: I had a TKR on the right knee in Dec 2016. Everything went well until around Nov 2017, when I started having major swelling on a regular basis, with no apparent trigger for the swelling. It could happen after a workout, or while sitting at my desk. The swelling was painful and would make it almost impossible to bend the knee, go down stairs, etc. It would take days to subside.
I spent months working with my orthopedic surgeon to figure out why what had been such a promising early result had gone south after about a year. After ruling out infection, damage to the appliance, gout, etc., my doctor dug deep and started seeking input from others in the medical community. Here is where we ended up.
In about 0.75-1% of TKR, patients may experience intermittent bleeding in the knee. This is caused by "leaking" in the small capillaries in the synovium of the knee. The blood can stick around and cause continual pain and need to be aspirated, or may be reabsorbed by the body over time (the latter was my situation). In my case the doctor had withdrawn 50 ccs of blood from my knee three times when it was swollen and he was trying to get synovial fluid. He called around and found that the best way to treat this condition is through a knee embolization done by an interventional radiologist. My surgeon found the person in Philadelphia who had done the most of these cases (still not a lot because the condition is fairly rare).
Three weeks ago, the interventional radiologist inserted a cannula in my femoral artery and, guided by a fluoroscope and dye, went into three separate areas of my knee where the blood was clearly leaking. He then filled the smallest capillaries he could reach with plastic microspheres. Injecting dye after the procedure showed that the leaking blood had been stopped.
It has now been around three weeks since the procedure, and I have had no swelling of the knee. It can still be achy when I push things, and still feels like an artificial knee, but so far (knock wood) no swelling of the kind I had been having for months.
Happy to answer any questions on forum or PM if anyone would like further info.
Dave